When purchasing real property in California you may discover that the property is subject to Mello-Roos. Mello-Roos is the common verbiage used to describe a tax that is imposed upon real property that falls within a Mello-Roos District. This tax or fee, which is a form of financing, can be used by cities, counties, and special districts (such as school districts) to help pay for major improvements and services within the district which might include schools, roads, libraries, police and fire protection services. Mello-Roos taxes are imposed in addition to the normal tax base applied to the real property for that area or development.

The tax was initially developed due to the limited ability of local governments to use property taxes to construct public facilities and services. The taxes usually are levied on a specific development for approximately 10-15 years or until the infrastructure bonds are paid off. You will need to check with your County Assessor’s office for the fees for your particular property.

It is important to know about this long-term additional expense when buying a home within a Mello-Roos District due to the costs added to the property’s tax base.

The California Land Title Association has written an in-depth description of Mello-Roos. You can read the full article. Below are key points from that article:

What is a Mello-Roos District?

A Mello-Roos District is an area where a special tax is imposed on those real property owners within a Community Facilities District. This district has chosen to seek public financing through the sale of bonds for the purpose of financing certain public improvements and services. These services may include streets, water, sewage and drainage, electricity, infrastructure, schools, parks and police protection to newly developing areas. The tax you pay is used to make the payments of principal and interest on the bonds.

What are my Mello-Roos taxes paying for?
Your taxes may be paying for both services and facilities. The services may be financed only to the extent of new growth, and services include: Police protection, fire protection, ambulance and paramedic services, recreation program services, library services, the operation and maintenance of parks, parkways and open space, museums, cultural facilities, flood and storm protection, and services for the removal of any threatening hazardous substance. Facilities which may be financed under the Act include: Property with an estimated useful life of five years or longer, parks, recreation facilities, parkway facilities, open-space facilities, elementary and secondary school sites and structures, libraries, child care facilities, natural gas pipeline facilities, telephone lines, facilities to transmit and distribute electrical energy, cable television lines, and others.

When do I pay these taxes?
By purchasing an interest in a subdivision within a Community Facilities District you can expect to be assessed for a Mello-Roos tax which will typically be collected with your general property tax bill. These special tax payments are subject to the same penalties that apply to regular property taxes.

How much will the Mello-Roos payment be?
The amount of tax may vary from year-to-year, but may not exceed the maximum amount specified when the district was created. In the case of the purchase of a new house within a subdivision, the maximum amount of the tax will be specified in the public report. The Resolution of Formation must specify the rate, method of apportionment, and manner of collection of the special tax in sufficient detail to allow each landowner or resident within the proposed district to estimate the maximum amount that he or she will have to pay.

How are Mello-Roos taxes affected when the property is sold?
The Mello-Roos tax is assessed against the land, but is not based upon the value of the property, therefore, the possible increased value of the property does not affect the amount of the tax when property is sold. The amount of the tax may not exceed the original maximum amount stated in the Resolution of Formation. Any delinquent payments must be satisfied before the sale of the real property, since the unpaid amounts are a lien against the property.

When purchasing a home in California, buyers should be proactive in ascertaining if the home falls within a Mello-Roos District so they are knowledgeable about the additional tax on the home. Here are some avenues to obtain more information about the precise amount of taxes that will affect the property you are considering purchasing:

• Inquire with your Realtor who has the resources to investigate if the property has a Mello-Roos tax associated with it.
• The information can be found on the Seller’s transfer disclosure statement disclosing if the property is in a Mello-Roos District.
• The information is in the Mandatory Natural Hazard Disclosure report that the seller is required to provide to the buyer during the escrow process.

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To help homeowners over the age of 55 be able to afford to move to a different home in California or purchase a “move down” home and not suffer an increase in property taxes, Propositions 60 and 90 were passed.  The Propositions, also known as the Reappraisal Exclusion Program, provide a one-time property tax relief by preventing a property valuation increase when someone over the age of 55 sells their home and purchases another home of equal or lesser value, effectively saving the seller thousands of dollars each year.

Both Sellers and REALTORS need to understand that there are specific timelines to apply for the exclusion, they need to know which counties in California allow the transfer, and what are the qualifications for the exclusion. Let’s start by defining Proposition 60, 90 and 110.

What are Propositions 60 and 90?
Propositions 60 and 90 are constitutional amendments passed by California voters that provides property tax relief for persons aged 55 and over. it allows these persons, under certain conditions, to transfer a property’s factored base year value from an existing residence to a replacement residence. ?Typically the property tax of a newly purchased or constructed residence is based on its current market value upon change of ownership. However, the provisions of Propositions 60 and 90 may result in substantial tax savings since it allows the property tax of the original (sold) property to be transferred to the newly purchased or constructed home if eligibility requirements are met.
Proposition 110  allows the transfer of a base year value for severely and permanently disabled persons. Except for the disability factor, the qualifications for Propositions 60/90 are same as Proposition 110.
What is the difference between Proposition 60 and Proposition 90?
Proposition 60 allows transfers of base year values within the same county (intracounty). Proposition 90 allows transfers from one county to another county in California (intercounty) and it is the discretion of each county to authorize such transfers. As of January 2007, only seven counties have passed an ordinance authorizing intercounty transfers; however, it is recommended that you call your assessor for verification as it could change at any time.

Here are the counties currently allowing the Exclusion Program:
Alameda, Orange, San Mateo, Los Angeles, San Diego, Santa Clara and Ventura.

Here is a list of counties that have rejected Prop 90:

Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Fresno, Lake Madera, Mendocino, Merced, Mono, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, San Benito, San Bernardino, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz, Shasta, Siskiyou, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tulare, Trinity and Yolo.

What does “equal or lesser value” mean?

Sellers are able to take advantage of the Reappraisal Exclusion Program when they sell a home and purchase another home of equal or lesser value. What does that entail?

Equal or lesser value means that the fair market value of the replacement property does not exceed one of the following:

100% of the market value of the original property as of the date of the sale if the replacement property is purchased before an original property is sold.

105% of the market value of the original property as of its date of sale if the replacement property is purchased within 1 year after the sale of the original property.

110% of the market value of the original property as of its date of sale, if the replacement property is purchased within the 2nd year after the sale of the original property.

If you purchase a property of greater value than the original sale property, there will be no exclusion.

Timeline:

You must buy the replacement property within two years of selling the original property in order to qualify. You have three years following the purchase date or new construction completion date of the replacement property to file an application for the exclusion.  As of the date the original property sold, the seller or the spouse of the seller must be 55 years or older or be permanently disabled.

Proposition 110 creates an exception to the one-time-only limitation for anyone who becomes permanently disabled after having received a reappraisal exclusion as a claimant over the age of 55 years. If a person over the age of 55 years transferred the base year value from an original property to a replacement property and subsequently becomes disabled, then that person may now transfer his or her base value a second time.

A seller may apply for this exclusion in the county of the replacement property by completing and submitting the necessary application form.  Contact the County Assessor or download the application directly from the County Assessor’s website.

For more information about the Propositions, frequently asked questions and more, go here.

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Every Tuesday, here at the CV Escrow website, we post Technology Tips designed to help you, the Realtor, grow your business, keep up to date on the latest technologies, and move you forward into the new era of Real Estate.

Last week’s Tech Tuesday post featured a video from Albert Tran of the California Association of Realtors discussing the latest version of zipForm’s, which allows Realtors to type their contracts.  One of the great features for California Realtors in zipForms is that it is DocuSign compatible, meaning that Realtors can have their contracts electronically signed, securely and legally, by all parties in the transaction.  While at the CAR Expo in San Jose this year, I stopped by the DocuSign booth to and spoke with DocuSigns An Bui.  Here is a video of our conversation with her explaining a little bit more about the DocuSign product.

Docusign also has a great blog that answers many of the common questions about their product such as the legality of electronic signatures, illustrates why DocuSign Electronic Signature might be a Realtor’s best friend, and discusses new features of the DocuSign product such as their new iPhone application.

DocuSign and zipForms are two technologies that are a huge step in the right direction for Realtors who are interested in making the real estate transaction as seamless and efficient as possible.  I suggest you check them out.

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What is a title binder? No, it’s not the binder you take to keep your notes in concerning your title and escrow proceedings. It IS something that you should know about to save money if plan on selling your home within 2 years after its purchase.

A title binder, also known as an interim binder, is not a title insurance policy, but is, instead, a commitment to issue a title policy. The key to the title binder is asking yourself, “How long do I plan to keep this property?” The title binder is a cost saving tool for people (i.e. investors) who intend to “flip” a home or for those who are subject to frequent relocation or who just find themselves not wishing to remain in a specific home for more than two years.

Every time you sell and buy a home, you incur costs to have the title searched. Title insurance protects the buyer of a property or the lender for the property against unknown defects in the title. For a one-time premium, the title insurance company, which is in the business of examining public records, preparing title abstracts, and selling title insurance, issues the insurance after doing a title search on the property. By purchasing a title binder up front, you can save hundreds of dollars in title fees because it allows the purchaser of real property to resell the same property and have a policy of title issued to his/her buyer at fraction of the cost.

For example, if an investor purchases a “fixer upper” they would purchase a title binder as soon as they bought the property, knowing they plan on fixing up the property and selling it within a year. When they go to sell the property, they use the same title company they originally used and avoid having to incur the costs of having the title searched again for the new buyer.

The binder was designed for a special purpose and cannot be used in every real estate transaction. The standard term for a title binder is two years. However, some title companies do offer an extension for another year at an additional cost of another 10% of the Owners Policy Cost. It is very important to note, the same title company that issued the title binder must be used when the property is sold. Sometimes, the listing agent for the former buyer (now the seller) was not aware of the title binder purchased at the time the property was purchased.

Under normal circumstances in California, the seller of real property pays for the buyer’s title insurance. The interim binder provides a method to avoid duplicative costs. An Interim Binder gives its holder the option to obtain coverage during the period set forth in the Interim Binder, sell the property, and provide a title insurance policy for the new buyer, all at the cost of a single owner’s policy plus a “binder fee”, usually 10% of the premium for the owner’s policy. Accordingly, where a buyer or developer intends to resell the property within a defined time period (usually two years), an interim binder may constitute a useful and cost effective alternative.

It is important to repeat, however, that an interim binder is not insurance, it is a commitment to issue an insurance policy. However, if a claim arises during the interim binder period, the person to whom the interim binder was issued may convert the interim binder to an owner’s policy of title insurance naming him as insured and tender that claim pursuant to the policy. Title binders are only for buyers, not lenders and are issued in lieu of an Owner’s Policy.

More information about the legalities of title binders can be found here

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Every Tuesday, here at the CV Escrow website, we post Technology Tips designed to help you, the Realtor, grow your business, keep up to date on the latest technologies, and move you forward into the new era of Real Estate.

Last week while at the California Association of Realtors Expo in San Jose, I had the opportunity to chat with Albert Tran, the Director of Training and Technology Services for CAR who talked to me about the new release of Zipform 6 (the re-branded, and improved Winforms) on November 16^th.  If you are part of the 30% of CAR membership who is still hand writing your contracts, the new release of Zipform 6 is the perfect opportunity to take your contract generation digital.   Take a look at this video interview with Albert to learn more.

Albert’s key points include:

• November 16^th is the release date and CAR members can choose to optionally update at this time.  The update will become mandatory early next year (February or March 2010)
• Winforms is being rebranded to “zipForm 6″ – all the functionality you are used to with Winforms, but a new name along with some added features.
• zipForm 6 is both PC & Macintosh compatible
• zipForm 6 will have the same user interface for both the desktop and web versions of the software
• zipForm 6 is compatible with DocuSign electronic signatures
• More information can be found here:  http://www.car.org/winforms/

If you are new to ziForms and WinForms software, there are several upcoming zipForm 6 webinars that are free for CAR members.  The webinar training schedule and registration links can be found here on the CAR website.

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Did you know that in several counties in California, Propositions 58 and 193  can save homeowners money in the transfer of property between parents and children and even grandchildren? These propositions are geared towards keeping property “in the family” and both propositions help avoid a forced sale if the home is reappraised and the taxes go up exponentially making it too difficult for the family member to make the payments on the home.

Proposition 58 provides property tax relief by preventing an increase in property taxes when real property is transferred between parents and their children.

Proposition 193 broadens the tax relief to include transfers between grandparent and grandchildren, or from grandchildren to grandparents. This transfer is only exempt in cases where both parents of the grandchild are deceased.

The Parent-Child Exclusion applies to any real property purchases or transfers between parents and children, which occurred on or after November 6, 1986.

The exclusion applies to natural children, children adopted before the age of 18, stepchildren (as long as the parents are still married), and sons- and daughters-in-law are considered children under this exclusion program.

What most homeowners do not know is that the claim must be filed within three years after the date of the purchase/transfer or prior to the transfer of the property to a third party, whichever is earlier or within six months after mailing of the notice of supplemental assessment.

What type of property can be transferred without a tax increase?

A parent may transfer their principal residence and any other property valued up to $1,000,000 to their children. The properties will not be reappraised providing that the proper Claim for Exclusion from Reappraisal form is filed and approved by the Assessor’s Office.

An inheritance or transfer to children within a trust may qualify for this exclusion. The trust documents must be provided with the claim.

You may request a Parent-Child or Grandparent-Grandchild Exclusion claim form by contacting your local County Assessor/Recorder/Clerk office. You may ask your Escrow Officer for the contact information for your local Assessor’s office, too.

The Los Angeles County Office of the Assessor did a great writeup on this topic, as well, and included links to the forms that are used in exclusion claims.  Their summary can be found here.

The points presented here are meant as an informational summary and are not inclusive of all of the nuances of the propositions.  For full definitions of Prop. 58 & 193, please view Revenue and Taxation (R & T) Code Section 63.1 online at www.leginfo.ca.gov and consult with your tax or legal professional.

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Whether you are a REALTOR considering getting into the niche business of dealing with REO’s, a buyer looking to find a deal on a home by seeking a foreclosed property or a seller looking for information on what happens when a foreclosure proceeding is started, you need to know and understand the foreclosure process. By understanding this process, you will know how long the process may take, which entities are involved, and when the proceedings can be halted. Below is a simplified version of the process.

Defaulting on one’s loan causes the start of foreclosure, the process by which the lender takes over the home in order to recover their principal investment. Once the house is either sold on the steps of the title company or the court house at the Trustee’s Sale or “repossessed” by the lender, it is sold and the former owner must vacate at the discretion of the new owner. When there is a power of sale clause in the deed of trust the non-judicial process of foreclosure is used.

Notice of Default:

In California, the timeline of non-judicial foreclosure begins when the trustee files a notice of default. This is a letter that is sent to the owner/trustor notifying him or her of their default of the loan. This notifies the owner of the intent of the lender to follow through on their right to collect on the debt. The copy of the notice, which is recorded at the County Recorders Office of the appropriate county, is mailed to the address of notice as per the deed of trust.

Notice of Trustee’s Sale

No sooner than ninety (90) days after the trustee records the Notice of Default, the Trustee must publish a notice of trustee’s sale in the local paper and simultaneously file that notice with the county recorder’s office. No sooner than twenty days (20) after the notice of trustee sale is filed, the home may be sold at public auction for the amount of the debt plus foreclosure costs. If no one bids at the auction, the lender assumes ownership of the property, and may dispose of that property to recover their cash investment.

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